![]() ![]() These derived respectively from Greek and Near Eastern pagan religions, from Ancient Greek philosophy, and from the Jewish tradition and the Old Testament. This distinguishes three different sources of attitudes affecting early Christians on the issue: "first that humans could have a direct vision of God second that they could not and, third, that although humans could see God they were best advised not to look, and were strictly forbidden to represent what they had seen". A general assumption that early Christianity was generally aniconic, opposed to religious imagery in both theory and practice until about 200, has been challenged by Paul Corby Finney's analysis of early Christian writing and material remains (1994). Christian tradition dating from the 8th century identifies Luke the Evangelist as the first icon painter, but this might not reflect historical facts. It is unclear when Christians took up such activities. Statues and paintings of various gods and deities were regularly worshiped and venerated. ![]() Pre-Christian religions had produced and used art works. Image of the Saviour Not Made by Hand: a traditional Orthodox iconography in the interpretation of Simon Ushakov (1658). At the same time there have been change and development. Since then, icons have had a great continuity of style and subject, far greater than in the icons of the Western church. Widespread destruction of images occurred during the Byzantine Iconoclasm of 726–842, although this did settle permanently the question of the appropriateness of images. The icons of later centuries can be linked, often closely, to images from the 5th century onwards, though very few of these survive. Modern academic art history considers that, while images may have existed earlier, the tradition can be traced back only as far as the 3rd century, and that the images which survive from Early Christian art often differ greatly from later ones. Įastern Orthodox tradition holds that the production of Christian images dates back to the very early days of Christianity, and that it has been a continuous tradition since then. In the Greek language, the term for icon painting uses the same word as for "writing", and Orthodox sources often translate it into English as icon writing. Comparable images from Western Christianity may be classified as "icons", although "iconic" may also be used to describe the static style of a devotional image. Icons are most commonly painted on wood panels with egg tempera, but they may also be cast in metal or carved in stone or embroidered on cloth or done in mosaic or fresco work or printed on paper or metal, etc. Although especially associated with portrait-style images concentrating on one or two main figures, the term also covers most of the religious images in a variety of artistic media produced by Eastern Christianity, including narrative scenes, usually from the Bible or the lives of saints. ![]() The most common subjects include Christ, Mary, saints and angels. They are not simply artworks "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". An icon (from Ancient Greek εἰκών ( eikṓn) 'image, resemblance') is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. ![]()
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